Body Area Networks

Recent technological advances in integrated circuits, wireless networks, and physiological sensing have enabled miniature, lightweight, low power, intelligent monitoring devices to be integrated into a Body Area Network (BAN). This new type of technology hold much promise for future patient health monitoring. BANs promise inexpensive, unobtrusive, and unsupervised ambulatory monitoring during normal daily activities for long periods of time. However, in order for BANs to become ubiquitous and affordable, a number of challenging issues must be resolved, such as integration, standardisation, system design, customisation, security and privacy, and social issues. This paper presents an overview of many of these issues and indeed the background and rationale of body area networks

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Not AvailableShortage of water in rice cultivation is major problem in India. To safeguard and sustain food security in India, it is quite important to increase the productivity of rice under limited water resources. To investigate the performance of rice cultivars under the best method of irrigation and system of cultivation in new condition an experiment was conducted to study the "productivity and water use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation" on clay loam soils of Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during the kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018. The treatment comprised of two irrigation regimes viz., AWD and saturation as main plot treatments, three establishment methods viz., system of rice intensification, drum seeding and TP as subplot treatments and four cultivars namely DRR Dhan 42, DRR Dhan 43, MTU-1010 and NLR-34449 as sub-sub plot treatments summing up to 24 treatment combinations laid out in split-split plot design with three replications. Among the irrigation regimes, AWD irrigation practice recorded higher grain yield (5755, 5952 and 5854 kg ha-1 in 2017, 2018 and pooled means, respectively) than saturation. Among the different systems of cultivation, the SRI recorded significantly higher grain yield (5953, 6129 and 6041 kg ha-1 during 2017, 2018 and in pooled means, respectively) over the TP method. Among the different rice cultivars, DRR Dhan 43 registered remarkably higher grain yield than other cultivars during 2017 and 2018.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableICAR-CTRI, Rajahmundry, as a National Active Germplasm Site (NAGS) for tobacco germplasm, maintaining 138 burley tobacco germplasm. The morphological diversity present in this germplasm was investigated for estimating the existing variability for its further utilization. Out of 29 characters studied, the genotypes were found to be diverse for 26 traits and no variation observed for three traits viz., leaf type, inflorescence position and seed testa colour. Principal component analysis (PCA) with 26 diverse characters indicated that majority of the observed variation (91%) in the agro-morphological traits found to be explained by eighteen PCA components. PCA1 alone explained 16% of the variation and was loaded mainly on eight traits viz., colour of leaf blade, leaf angle of insertion, inflorescence shape, leaf colour of mid-rib, width of leaf blade, plant shape, flower development of stamens and leaf length. The biplot of principal coordinates shows that the genotypes are scattered throughout the plot indicating the presence of morphological diversity among the entries. Clustering through unweighted pair groups produced grouping that defined four distinct clusters in 0 to 8 distance. The dissimilarity matrix worked out between 138 burley genotypes ranged from maximum value of 0.99 between YB-24 and Ky-171 to minimum value of 0.065 between Ky-160 and Ky-171. The morphological diversity observed in the study indicates that the burley germplasm maintained at ICAR-CTRI is having sufficient diversity and can serve as a valuable source for burley genotype improvement.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableICAR-CTRI, Rajahmundry, as a National Active Germplasm Site (NAGS) for tobacco germplasm, maintaining 138 burley tobacco germplasm. The morphological diversity present in this germplasm was investigated for estimating the existing variability for its further utilization. Out of 29 characters studied, the genotypes were found to be diverse for 26 traits and no variation observed for three traits viz., leaf type, inflorescence position and seed testa colour. Principal component analysis (PCA) with 26 diverse characters indicated that majority of the observed variation (91%) in the agro-morphological traits found to be explained by eighteen PCA components. PCA1 alone explained 16% of the variation and was loaded mainly on eight traits viz., colour of leaf blade, leaf angle of insertion, inflorescence shape, leaf colour of mid-rib, width of leaf blade, plant shape, flower development of stamens and leaf length. The biplot of principal coordinates shows that the genotypes are scattered throughout the plot indicating the presence of morphological diversity among the entries. Clustering through unweighted pair groups produced grouping that defined four distinct clusters in 0 to 8 distance. The dissimilarity matrix worked out between 138 burley genotypes ranged from maximum value of 0.99 between YB-24 and Ky-171 to minimum value of 0.065 between Ky-160 and Ky-171. The morphological diversity observed in the study indicates that the burley germplasm maintained at ICAR-CTRI is having sufficient diversity and can serve as a valuable source for burley genotype improvement.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableICAR-CTRI, Rajahmundry, as a National Active Germplasm Site (NAGS) for tobacco germplasm, maintaining 138 burley tobacco germplasm. The morphological diversity present in this germplasm was investigated for estimating the existing variability for its further utilization. Out of 29 characters studied, the genotypes were found to be diverse for 26 traits and no variation observed for three traits viz., leaf type, inflorescence position and seed testa colour. Principal component analysis (PCA) with 26 diverse characters indicated that majority of the observed variation (91%) in the agromorphological traits found to be explained by eighteen PCA components. PCA1 alone explained 16% of the variation and was loaded mainly on eight traits viz., colour of leaf blade, leaf angle of insertion, inflorescence shape, leaf colour of midrib, width of leaf blade, plant shape, flower development of stamens and leaf length. The biplot of principal coordinates shows that the genotypes are scattered throughout the plot indicating the presence of morphological diversity among the entries. Clustering through unweighted pair groups produced grouping that defined four distinct clusters in 0 to 8 distance. The dissimilarity matrix worked out between 138 burley genotypes ranged from maximum value of 0.99 between YB-24 and Ky-171 to minimum value of 0.065 between Ky160 and Ky-171. The morphological diversity observed in the study indicates that the burley germplasm maintained at ICAR-CTRI is having sufficient diversity and can serve as a valuable source for burley genotype improvement.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableLow levels of variability prevailing in the cultivated genotypes of crops leads to genetic vulnerability and lower/marginal yield gains. Creating variation using mutation breeding is one of the options to overcome this problem. ICAR-CTRI is maintaining 35 mutant lines (including natural mutants) which is harboring a vast genetic variability. The diversity of 29 agro-morphologcal characters was studied in these lines for assessing the suitability of these lines for tobacco breeding programme. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the recorded characters indicated that, out of seven components obtained, PCA1 PCA2 are contributing major variability (about 41%). Grouping of the genotypes based on UPGMA produced four distinct clusters with 6.5 distance. The dissimilarity index (DI) showed that the mutants RT 63-2 and CM 3-1 were distantly related with the maximum value of 0,867 and similarly the mutants R90-1 and R91 1 were closely related with low DI value of 0.125 The genotypes were varying twenty six characters and such genotypes with diverse morphological traits can be utilized in tobacco breeding for yield and quality improvement.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableLow levels of variability prevailing in the cultivated genotypes of crops leads to genetic vulnerability and lower/marginal yield gains. Creating variation using mutation breeding is one of the options to overcome this problem. ICAR-CTRI is maintaining 35 mutant lines (including natural mutants) which is harboring a vast genetic variability. The diversity of 29 agro-morphologcal characters was studied in these lines for assessing the suitability of these lines for tobacco breeding programme. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the recorded characters indicated that, out of seven components obtained, PCA1 PCA2 are contributing major variability (about 41%). Grouping of the genotypes based on UPGMA produced four distinct clusters with 6.5 distance. The dissimilarity index (DI) showed that the mutants RT 63-2 and CM 3-1 were distantly related with the maximum value of 0,867 and similarly the mutants R90-1 and R91 1 were closely related with low DI value of 0.125 The genotypes were varying twenty six characters and such genotypes with diverse morphological traits can be utilized in tobacco breeding for yield and quality improvement.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe genetic variability in the germplasm is always essential in breeding programme to improve the yield and adaptability, impart resistance to biotic and abiotic factors etc. Low degrees of variability captured in the cultivated genotypes leads to genetic vulnerability and lower marginal yield gains. At ICAR-CTRI a study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of 53 exotic aircured lines collected from Japan using morphological traits. Thirty morphological observations were recorded and among them 26 characters with diversity were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). Ten PCA components were formed based on the eigen values. Further, the dissimilarity index and relationship between the genotypes were analysed. Clustering through unweighted pair groups defined four distinct clusters in 0 to 0.5 distance. The dissimilarity matrix was worked out between 53 genotypes and the maximum dissimilarity value was found between genotypes Aizu Katai Kari and Connecticut-7-D (0.894) and the minimum dissimilarity value was between Rengeha and Tennessee Red (0.143). The morphological diversity studied indicates that the exotic germplasm collected and maintained at ICAR-CTRI, serves as a variability hub for tobacco improvement.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTobacco is high valued commercial crop with a steady increase in demand, which needs to be addressed by improvement in yield and quality for meeting national and international requirements. ICAR- Central Tobacco Research Institute and All India Network Project on Tobacco (AINPT) Centres are breeding various tobacco types for higher yield and better quality. The superior genotypes developed are evaluated in AINPT co-ordinated trials at 4 main, 7 sub and 4 voluntary centres. The significantly superior ones are tested in pre-release bulk trials. Diversity in the lines entered in the AINPT trials is essential for releasing varieties with higher genetic potential and reducing the genetic uniformity in tobacco. A study was conducted to investigate the diversity present among entries that were evaluated under AINPT coordinated trials from 2000 to 2015. A total of 100 AINPT lines were used, among which 87 were FCV, 7 Bidi, 4 Rustica and 2 chewing lines. Principal component analysis (PCA) was done to analyze the pattern of data matrix for determining the selection criteria and identification of morphological characters highly responsible for diversity. Based on PCA, 17 characters were selected and analyzed in DarWIN to draw the dendrogram of tobacco genotypes. The entries of FCV, Bidi, Rustica, Chewing fell on four separate clusters. Genetic distance between clusters varies from 0.04 to 2.67. Few Bidi and chewing entries were found to interlay with FCV entries as traits like plant height, plant type, floral morphology, etc., were similar between them. The results also showed that FCV38 has the highest distance from other genotypes followed by ArBD126 with a value of 2.67 and 1.69, respectively. Lower dissimilarity values were observed among genotypes indicating narrow genetic base of breeding programmes. Tobacco breeders, in general, are confined to use less divergent genotypes in order to minimize the disturbance at the genome level. This trend if continued may result in less yield gains in subsequent cultivars and increase vulnerability for biotic and abiotic stress. As bulk of tobacco genetic resources remain unrepresented in modern tobacco cultivars, genetic base need to be broadened through pre-breeding to create variability for further improvement, without quality penalty.Not Availabl